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Of uncertain etymology, one of which (Greek prefix katà - named after the Greek volcano Aitnè, leaning against Etna) captures its peculiar position, Catania rises on the slopes of the highest active volcano in Europe. Its history, like that of the entire island, is a succession of dominations that want it as capital of the Kingdom of Trinacria under the Aragonese one of the XIII - XV century. Unlike the city of Palermo, in which the architectural and artistic peculiarities of the different dominations are mixed together, in the city of Catania you breathe primarily the Baroque, as it was affected by two catastrophic events (the eruption of Mount Etna 1669 and the earthquake of the Val di Noto of 1693) which required almost total reconstruction. One of the few places that retains its original shape is Castello Ursino, from the Swabian period. The use of lava stone for the construction of buildings, then, gives the city of Catania a peculiar aspect. After the annexation of Sicily to the Italian kingdom, Catania underwent a process of transformation and modernization that gave it part of its current connotation, with the expansion of infrastructures and roads and the construction of art nouveau villas and the promenade. Catania is a lively city, under different profiles, which has allowed it to experience a profitable industrial, economic and cultural development since the second post-war period and to specialize in two particular productive sectors: the electronic one (with the consequent creation of Etna Valley on the model). most famous of Silicon) and the chemical-pharmaceutical one. With a population of more than 300,000 inhabitants and home to one of the main Sicilian universities, Catania also offers an intense nightlife, all along the historic center and neighboring areas, with places that in summer become so-called "concert cafés".
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General Information Messina is located about ten kilometers from the northeastern extremity of Sicily, on the strait that takes its name from the city itself. It was founded by the Greeks, who gave it the name of Zancle, because of the sickle shape (zancle in Greek) of the natural harbor. Messina lived its golden period between 1400 and 1600, when it competed with Palermo for the role of capital of the island. Due to its position, the city is the gateway of Sicily, and from its port (historically very important) cruise ships of various companies pass and stop, and the city receives the visit of numerous passengers. The city, following several natural disasters - the last of which is the earthquake of December 1908 -, and also due to the numerous bombings suffered during the last world war, had a total makeover of the urban buildings. Today it looks like a new city, sometimes modern, with wide avenues and facing the sea in the northern area, from which there is a remarkable view, and a small historic center, which revolves around the cathedral, in which however, numerous testimonies of an important past from the historical point of view. The heritage is full of glories and with a great mixture of styles, from the Romanesque to the liberty, from the Arab-Norman influences to the rationalism, the dominant style of the 30’s. From here you can also go on a tour through the beauties that its suburbs offer, such as Taormina, Tindari or the Aeolian Islands, which make Messina the second province of southern Italy and the first in Sicily by number of tourists.
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The foundation of Palermo dates back to the 7th century BC when the Phoenicians named it Zyz which means "flower". A city with a strategic position on an island that dominates the Mediterranean, Palermo has been the object of numerous hegemonies that have given the city a cultural and historical richness and an amalgam of styles that over time have met and merged with each other, such as the Arab Norman style, the result of the peaceful coexistence of two successive dominations that gave birth to a style of rare complexity and beauty. Panormos in Greek and Panormus in Roman, "All Port" by virtue of the presence of two rivers whose flow into the sea creates a huge natural landing place, boasts all the dominations that have affected Sicily and its streets and its palaces draw a precise physical space, but above all a historical-temporal space that has left riches of which citizens and tourists can testify by walking along its streets. Capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, after the unification of Italy it experienced a period of strong expansion and growth, especially in the first decades of the twentieth century, although its contemporary history also returns a Palermo torn by the mafia phenomenon, which nevertheless never has stopped seeking redemption. Today the city, the regional capital, has 700,000 inhabitants and is an important hub for trade and business on the island, not only nationally but also internationally and in 2018 it was awarded the title of Italian City of Culture.
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